How this
Works

Learn how to search, browse, and explore the archive to quickly find the documents and information you need.

About This Resource

The Afghanistan Justice Archive is a digital repository of Taliban decrees, directives, punishments, and related legal orders—accompanied by expert analysis and personal testimonies from women and men directly impacted.

This archive documents and categorises Taliban decrees, directives, and enforcement actions, showing both how they are issued and which rights they affect. It is designed for journalists, activists, researchers and others who need clear, verified information on Taliban policies and their impact across Afghanistan.

The taxonomy below breaks each record into three key dimensions:

  1. Type of Decree – The legal form and authority of the directive.
  2. Delivery Method – How it was communicated or made public.
  3. Area of Decree – The specific rights and protections it affects.

All Taliban directives — whether written or verbal — are enforced as law in areas under their control. This resource makes them searchable, filterable, and easy to analyse.

These categories aid clarity and analysis but are imperfect; classification involves judgment, and some documents may overlap or defy simple labels. Whenever possible, we provide original source documents. If unavailable, we offer clearly labeled, cross-checked secondary sources — such as media reports or human rights investigations — until originals are secured and verified.

Area of Decree

These categories provide insight into the focus of each decree and the specific human rights it affects.

Each decree is tagged with one or more “Areas of Decree,” reflecting the key rights, protections, or legal issues involved. These categories help users understand the function and scope of each decree by organizing them according to subject matter and legal impact. Themes include:

Civil & Political Rights

  • Arbitrary Punishment – Involves punishment imposed without due process or legal justification.
  • Assembly & Association – Covers the right to gather, form groups, unions, or political organizations.
  • Expression – Pertains to speech, opinion, artistic expression, and access to information.
  • Family & Privacy Rights – Includes protections for family life, personal autonomy, and freedom from undue state interference.
  • Justice & Fair Trial – Concerns due process, judicial proceedings, and access to impartial legal remedies.
  • Liberty & Security – Addresses freedom from unlawful detention and protection of personal security.
  • Participation in Public Life – Covers political participation, voting, and eligibility for public office.
  • Press & Censorship – Relates to media regulation, censorship, and freedom of the press.
  • Religion & Belief – Encompasses the right to hold, change, and practice religious or personal beliefs.
  • Torture & Ill-Treatment – Prohibits cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment.
  • Freedom of Movement – Covers the right to travel, change residence, or cross borders freely.

Economic, Social & Cultural Rights

  • Education – Covers access to learning, educational regulation, and the right to schooling.
  • Health – Pertains to availability and quality of healthcare and public health policy.
  • Work & Livelihoods – Includes labor rights, employment access, and economic protections.
  • Cultural Rights – Protects engagement in cultural life, identity, and heritage.

Cross-Cutting or Vulnerable Group Rights

  • Gender Equality – Addresses legal equality, protections, and access to rights regardless of gender.
  • Minority Rights – Protects cultural and political rights of ethnic, linguistic, and religious minorities.
  • Non-Discrimination – Prohibits unequal treatment based on identity, belief, or status.
  • Disability Rights – Covers access, inclusion, and protections for persons with disabilities.
  • Forced Marriage – Addresses coercion in marriage and safeguards against abuse.
  • Personal Autonomy – Protects individual decision-making in matters of body, belief, and life choices.
  • PVPV (Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice) refers to the Taliban’s formal legal code regulating behavior across nearly all aspects of life. While the law is comprehensive, we’ve broken it down by individual article to make its contents searchable and easier to analyze by theme.

Type of Decree

These categories define the type of decree within the Taliban’s legal framework, based on purpose, scope, and formality.

Taliban Leader Order

An authoritative command from the Amir al-Mu’minin (Leader of the Taliban), written or verbal, often in the form of a legislative or executive order. Highest authority, overrides all other decisions. Example: Nationwide ban on women attending university.

Verbal Order

Oral command from the leader or senior officials concerning the implementation of either a specific or general matter. These orders are enforceable despite no written record. Example: Closing a women’s market in one district.

Verbal Directive

Oral policy instruction from leadership or senior officials, given in meetings, speeches, or calls. Example: Banning music at weddings.

Official Decree (Written or Verbal)

Binding mandate from top leadership or institutions on a specific issue. Written or oral; both carry full legal weight. A key distinction between a decree and an order lies in scope: a decree enforces a specific issue, while an order tends to address broader or general matters. Example: Nationwide ban on beauty salons.

Written Order

Formal legal order from the Taliban leader on the implementation of a general matter, enforceable for fixed or open-ended periods. Example: Mandating new curricula in all schools.

Written Directive

Officially published stance on significant issues, issued by the leader or through authorised institutions/media. Example: Statement rejecting a UN human rights report.

Enforcement Action

On-the-ground implementation of a Taliban order, directive or decree. These actions reflect how the regime enforces its laws in practice and may include public punishments, arrests, detentions, or administrative measures taken against individuals or groups. This category includes official announcements of punishments issued by the Supreme Court, as well as reports of enforcement carried out by Taliban soldiers, police, or local authorities. Example: Public flogging carried out after a court ruling.

Delivery Method

How a decree, directive, or order is made public or communicated.

  • Draft Bill – Proposed law circulated before approval.
  • Media Report – External news coverage of Taliban actions or policies.
  • Official Announcement – Formal public statement via radio, TV, or print.
  • Official Gazette – Published record of official rulings.
  • Official Inquiry – Investigation initiated by Taliban authorities.
  • Official Letter – Written instructions for enforcement or administration.
  • Official Newsletter – Regular publication summarising Taliban actions.
  • Press/News Conference – Live announcement or Q&A with officials.
  • Speech – Address by Taliban leaders, often at religious/political events.
  • Survivor Testimony – First-hand account from someone affected.
  • Video Clip – Recorded announcement or enforcement action.
  • Fatwa (Mosque Announcement) – Religious ruling from Taliban-aligned clerics.
  • Media Statement – Formal response or position given to media.
  • Official Declaration – Policy pronouncement with legal or social impact.
  • Official Guide – Instructional document on law or decree application.
  • Official Meeting – Gathering where officials convey directives/orders.
  • Official Notice – Brief public posting of new rules.
  • Phone Call – Direct verbal instruction from an official.
  • Social Media – Taliban announcements online (e.g., Twitter, WhatsApp).
  • Supreme Court Newsletter – Bulletin with legal interpretations/verdicts.
  • UN Letter – Correspondence between the UN and Taliban.

Applying filters

Use the filter panel on the left to narrow down results by topic, decree type, date, targeted gender and more.

The filter panel appears on the left-hand side of the archive and allows you to refine your search by specific attributes. To use the filters, simply click an option to apply it, this will turn green. The archive will update immediately to reflect your selection. Click the same option again to remove the filter. You can combine multiple filters at once to narrow down your results even further.

  • Sort Order
    Choose how the documents are sorted:
    • Latest – Most recent documents first
    • Oldest – Earliest documents first
  • Area of Decree
    Filter by the subject or issue the decree addresses:
    • Education – Decrees affecting schooling and access to education
    • Work and Livelihoods – Decrees related to employment or workforce participation
  • Type of Decree
    Identify how the decree was issued:
    • Taliban Leader Order
    • Written Directive
    • Enforcement Action
  • Delivery Method
    How the decree was communicated:
    • Official Letter
    • Speech
    • Fatwa
  • Date
    Select one or more years (e.g., 2021–2025) to filter by publication or issuance date.
  • Targeted Gender
    Narrow down documents based on which gender is specifically affected:
    • Men
    • Women
    • Both
  • Original Source
    Identify the documentation has an original source

Example Walkthrough

Let’s say you’re looking for legal reforms delivered by broadcast in the year 2004:

  • Open the filter panel.

  • Under Delivery Method, select Media Report.

  • Under Type of Decree, select Official Decree.

  • Under Year, choose 2022.

  • The archive will now show only documents matching all of those criteria.